quotation marks

Single quotation marks are produced in LaTeX using ` and '. Double quotation marks are produced by typing `` and ''. (The `undirected double quote character" produces double right quotation marks: it should never be used where left quotation marks are required.)
LaTeX allows you to produce dashes of various length, known as `hyphens', `en-dashes' and `em-dashes'. Hyphens are obtained in LaTeX by typing -, en-dashes by typing -- and em-dashes by typing ---.
One normally uses en-dashes when specifying a range of numbers. Thus for example, to specify a range of page numbers, one would type

on pages 155--219.